The Black Market - 749 Words

Derrek Hillier Ms.Brosdahl World Literature Oct, 19, 2015 Research Paper Even though the black market seems like a good place to get the things you need for a cheap price, there is a bad side to anything you may find on the black market. The black market is a bad place and is full of illegal drugs, human trafficking, and ancient artifacts. Through the 1950s most black market sales took place at outdoor markets or bazaars. Having emerged during World War 1 in response to the regulation of prices and supplies, the black market burgeoned after the Bolshevik seizure of power. Some pros of the whole market is it helps make people money, helps people get the things they need at a cheaper price. Some people depend on the black market to live.†¦show more content†¦Due to the difficulty of sizing up explicit drug sales, there’s not even a cheap picture of just how large colorado s marijuana black market was before legalization, making it all the harder to evaluate how legal sales have affected it. In the case of Richard Sacra, U.S. based physician Kent Brantly donated his personal blood to help fight off the virus(Ebola). These developments highlight a larger market of pharmaceuticals, treatments, and biological material. Administered early and with a high level of medical intervention, serums such as ZMAPP may help lower the mortality rate for Ebola. However data is insufficient at this stage. Those with desire and resources are buying blood in hopes of curing current infections or stockpiling for future infections. Recent report illuminate a growing black market trade in blood from Ebola survivors. The massive trove of credentials includes user names, which are typically email addresses, and passwords that in most cases are in unencrypted text. The Adobe breach, which uncovered in Oct. 2013, yielded tons of millions of records that had encrypted passwords. Globally, illegally traded and counterfeit pharmaceuticals generate more than $75 billion USD annually. In addition to the internet-driven parallel trade in pharmaceuticals and fluids, one often finds in other parts of the world other forms of parallel markets. A cyber security firm said that it uncovered stolenShow MoreRelatedThe Black Market1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Market is defined as people who engage in illicit trade. Smuggling of Nuclear weapons plays a role in this. The Russians, U.S., and other countries are involved. Russia has been one the move since the Cold War ended. The Russians position threat to many lives with nuclear sales. Many Russian affiliations and events are to blame including Russian Mafia, military intelligence, Trading Air, collapse in economy, and disgruntled Nuclear employees. Russian Crime organizations have grownRead MoreThe Benefits Of The Black Market1316 Words   |  6 PagesKryslin Cotton English 1301 Professor Cain 23 November 2016 Under Ground Kings: The Benefits of the Black Market Why is there over 120 thousand people waiting on an organ transplant? Why are there 44 million uninsured people in the United States alone? Why is it that 1 in 10 americans cannot afford their medical medications? All simply answered by the fact that it’s all too expensive. The poverty level, according to USDA 2015, in the United States for a family of four is $24 thousand. With soRead MoreThe Black Market Exploiting The Donor1745 Words   |  7 PagesProposing a Solution to the Black Market Exploiting the Donor: Legalizing the Sale of Human Organs, In Hopes of Putting the Black Market Out of Business Right now in the U.S. even with all the advanced technology, there are more than 120,000 people currently on the UNOS organ transplant waiting list. With the wait being so long for an organ, people have become desperate in order to save their life. With this number being so large, it is hard to believe that there is a new name added to the listRead MoreSelling organs on the black market1081 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Selling Organs on the Black Market Every teenager wants to own the newest iPhone or iPad but to save up for those working at the local McDonald’s it would take some time. But in China, you can get it just by selling a kidney. In face according to a BBC news article dated April 6, 2012 five people were arrested for convincing a teenager to sell his kidney in an online chat room for the equivalent of $3,000. The teenager is now suffering from kidney failure, and just for a couple of new toysRead MoreWhat causes black market?8950 Words   |  36 Pagescom/locate/econbase Efficient black markets? Carl Davidson a,b , Lawrence Martin a , John Douglas Wilson a,⠁Ž a Department of Economics, Marshall-Adams Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States b GEP, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom Received 17 May 2005; received in revised form 9 October 2006; accepted 23 October 2006 Available online 3 February 2007 Abstract This paper investigates analytically the welfare effects of black-market activities that firms undertakeRead MoreTerrorism, The Nuclear Hazard And Black Market1234 Words   |  5 PagesIn the spectrum of modern international politics the key preeminent threats to security and the sense of freedom from those threats are terrorism, the nuclear hazard and black market in materiel. These three security issues, not only affect national and international security, but also societal and economic security. Terrorism, has maintained the status as a preeminent threat in the modern world today, but has also become a worldwide phenomenon that has impacted not only in the Middle East butRead MoreThe Black Market Of Illegal Drugs And Pharmaceuticals1592 Words   |  7 Pageshome to all types of markets which thrive within its borders. One of the largest markets in the world and in the United States is the drug and medical market. It is a multi-billion dollar market that serves countless people but is Americans abusing this market? There are definitely many sides to this enormous market but the part that greatly deals with the abuse is the black market that is built are the illegal sales and use of illegal drugs and pharmaceuticals. This black market is heavily abused byRead MoreBlack Market Organ Of The United States1568 Words   |  7 PagesSelling a human organ has been a controversial subject for many years. The question arises; is it illegal to sell a human organ if it is going to sav e another’s life? October 2011 marks the first proven case of black market organ trafficking in the United States. Levy Izhak, a New Yorker, pled guilty in federal court for illegally expediting kidney transplants. His lawyer claimed, â€Å"the transplants were successful and the donors and recipients are now leading full and healthy lives† because ofRead More Black Thursday Stock Market Crash1342 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember of 1929. 1929Â…) It was anticipated that the increases in earnings and dividends would continue. (1929Â…) Price to earnings ratios rose from 10 to 12 to 20 and higher for the markets favorite stocks. (1929Â…) Observers believed that stock market prices in the first 6 months of 1929 were high, while others saw them to be cheap. (1929Â…) On October 3rd, the Dow Jones Average began to drop, declining through out the week of October 14th. (1929Â…) On the night of Monday, October 21st, 1929, marginRead MoreEssay about India and the Black Market4264 Words   |  18 Pages----------------------------------- Sep 20, 2005 BLACK MARKET AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY ----------------------------------- Statistics: It is said that black money in India accounts for 20 % of GDP. If this is true, then black money generated every year must be around Rs 400,000 crore or $ 80 billion. This is a huge amount, more than the entire budget of the government at the Centre. We have a government that spends about Rs 350,000 crore a year, most of it on itself, and asks for accounts

Women s Rights Vs. Capitalism - 1432 Words

The economy over many centuries have changed and developed in a variety of ways. One of the most influential economic systems that had developed between the 1700’s and the 1900s is capitalism. Capitalism is an economic system that is controlled by individuals, rather than the government, and requires the working class to use all its resources in order for the capitalist class to retain a profit. One question that still remains is this; how do women’s rights compare to capitalism? There are many theoretical concepts that have helped shape capitalism throughout history. Women’s rights are the rights given to women to express equality when being compared to a man. In the year that capitalism was developed, patriarchy played a dominant role regarding home life and the workplace, which motivated women to take action. Women’s rights are significant in the development of capitalism because it protested the male dominant atmosphere to create opportunity for women to take part as working class and to obtain equal status with a man in regards to everyday living. This resulting in a dramatic change in our economic system. Gender inequalities during the 18th and 20th centuries had a mass contribution to how capitalism developed. Male domination had a major impact in the 1700s, resulting in home life being all that a woman knew. As capitalism was developing, competing within the marketplace and establishing an income was male territory and women were seen only as a housewife. WomenShow MoreRelatedFeminism Types and Definitions Liberal1287 Words   |  6 Pages/ Courses Like? Feminism Types and Definitions: Liberal, Socialist, Culture Radical Video Quiz Congratulations! You ve reached the last video in the chapter. Transcript Start the Next Chapter Race and Ethnicity Definitions: Social Minority vs. Social Majority CREATE YOUR ACCOUNT Show Timeline Share This lesson first provides a general definition of feminism. Then, four specific types of feminism are discussed and defined, including liberal feminism, socialist feminism, Sign up now forRead MoreHow does Priestley hint at the tensions within the group that later become more clear in Act 1?1290 Words   |  6 Pagesthe different mind-set of the older and younger generation. Sheila doesn’t believe that she will as time had changed from her mother’s time. The old are set in their ways. They are utterly confident that they are right and they see the young as foolish. For example Berlin believes he’s right about the war, but the audience and the reader know that it does happen and that berlin is too naive. On the other hand, the young are open to new ideas. This is first seen early in Act 1 when both Eric and SheilaRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture1463 Words   |  6 PagesT What can we define as Human Nature and Nurture? The Nature vs. Nurture has been a long never ending debate for some time now. Nature vs Nurture has been so profoundly debated, that now it’s unclear whether what makes us who we are and what we do, nature or nurture. For purposes of this essay Nature is going to be defined as characteristics we acquire through our genetic and biological factors, while that Nurture is going to be defined characteristics we acquire through our interactions and influencesRead MoreSociology1220 Words   |  5 Pagesrevolution – family relationships used to be functional (roles) now it is about love and support, increased education increased peoples marriages Conservative views – decline, pessimists, and their values were traditional Avoid talking about women’s rights, claim that America’s problems are a result of the breakdown of family values Liberal – diversity (variation), optimists, and values were changing Claims that women’s problems are a result of job discrimination Feminist – diversity, caringRead MoreIs The Root Of All Evil? Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesCapitalism is the root of all injustice, a past instructor would remark to me periodically thought out the semester. The past instructor was a woman who was a professor of political science and a supporter of my endeavors in environmental policy, and a feminist. I mention this because it is contrary to the ideas of Dave van Pattern who suggests in his piece that those who study sociology believe men are the root of all evil. Pattern was a political science graduate, and I myself as a politicalRead MoreThe Feminist Movement : The First Great Provider For The Human Species1392 Words   |  6 Pagesthe hunters and gatherers, the feudal systems, and slavocracies; one can gain an insight(s) into the past of womanhood; as well, as how they’ve socially and culturally adapted over time. Still, there were many other factors both helping and hindering society, its opulence; as well, its poverty. All for the most part unified with power; such as, political, military, colonialism, scientific knowledge, capitalism, patriarchy, industrialism, mass media, and lastly the personal identity coming from allRead More Karl Marx and His Critique of Capitalism Essays1569 Words   |  7 Pagesideally perfect place especially in its social, political, and moral aspects (dictionary.com). This paper will discuss the changes in capitalism since Marx’s critique in 1848. Marx’s fundamental critique remains correct today. Marx is still correct about his critique of capitalism because even though there have been changes made to capitalism to prevent some abuses, capitalism still produces inequality, reduces the family relationship, destroys small business, and enslaves. In 1848 Karl Marx wrote theRead MoreHow Has Feminism Developed? America, And How Have These Developments Changed Its Public Perception? Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagessexism? What qualifies as injustice against women? What is the most effective method of bringing about social change? To better understand these questions, some scholars classify feminism into several â€Å"waves†, representing the main goals of feminists relative to the time period. The first wave begins with the activism for basic political rights spanning from the 19th to early 20th century. The goal of this wave was to open up opportunity for women, particularly focusing on suffrage. Some classifyRead MoreEssay on Classical Liberalism Vs. Classical Conservatism1392 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Liberalism vs. Classical Conservatism In todays society, most people are unable to explain the differences between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In fact, the two parties ideologies seem to be very much alike; and therefore, people tend to believe that a Republican candidate and a Democratic candidate running for the same office will not make a large difference from one another. Furthermore, both Democrats, the supposedly liberal party, and Republicans, the supposedlyRead MoreClassical Liberalism vs. Classical Conservatism Essay1422 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Liberalism vs. Classical Conservatism In todays society, most people are unable to explain the differences between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In fact, the two parties ideologies seem to be very much alike; and therefore, people tend to believe that a Republican candidate and a Democratic candidate running for the same office will not make a large difference from one another. Furthermore, both Democrats, the supposedly liberal party, and Republicans, the supposedly

Environmental Issue (Moral Studies) Free Essays

FACULTY OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MPW2153 MORAL STUDIES DRAFT REPORT TITLE: ENVIRONMENTAL AND POLLUTION Group member: 1. Tai Fei Li 2. Tan Ling Qiao Date of submission:21/3/2013 Lecturer: Madam Rohaidah Binti Mashudi INTRODUCTION: Nowadays, a variety of environmental problems affect our entire world. We will write a custom essay sample on Environmental Issue (Moral Studies) or any similar topic only for you Order Now It becomes a popular issues among societies. Therefore, we want to do some research about this issue and find out a few solutions for this matter. OBJECTIVES: * To determine the types of environmental pollutions. To exploring the factors of environmental pollutions. * To recommend the effective methods to cope with environmental pollutions problems. DISCUSSION: Types of environmental pollution 1. Air pollution 2. Water pollution 3. Soil pollution 4. Sound pollution 5. Radioactive pollution 6. Thermal pollution Causes of environmental pollution 1. Usage of fossil fuels 2. Agriculture sector 3. Trading activities 4. Residential sector Ways to reduce environmental pollution 1. Reduce , Re-use and Recycle 2. Put less load on your furnace and air conditioner. . the authorities should conduct continuous inspections, move out polluting industries or encourage them to modernize with latest technology. 4. Join national groups to put pressure on governments and corporations to cut down on the ir energy consumption. 5. Build efficient railway system to reduces vehicle used or encourage car pooling. MORAL PERSPECTIVES: We decide to use ethics theories which include social morality, personality virtue for this report. CONCLUSION: Pollution is a global crisis. Stop environmental pollution is everybody’s duty. It is important to encourage your family and friends to help take care of the world in which we live. REFERENCE: * Website http://environmental. laws. com/types-of-pollution http://www. pollutionpollution. com/2012/05/types-of-pollution. html http://www. pages. drexel. edu/~cy34/ * TextBook Environmental Pollution Studies(1999). Environmental Pollution Studies. Publisher by LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY PRESS VIDEOS: I believe in a world free of pollution and war. It may seem to be a far off dream of impossibility but I do think one day we can reach that goal. We must join together on a united front and never back down. It’s not only about us in the right here right now, but about our children, our children’s children, and so on. I dream of a world of good and peace, a world where we fear not the air we breathe or the water we drink. We need not worry about the streets we travel down, or countries we’d like to visit. This world was a gift to us and I believe we need to take better care of this precious gem. http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=V5MN5VU_pYE http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=X6ociuRh3zo How to cite Environmental Issue (Moral Studies), Papers

Irony Analysis Essay Example For Students

Irony Analysis Essay Many authors use irony in their stories. There are different forms ofirony, including verbal, situational, and dramatic irony. Irony adds atwist at the end of the story and leaves the readers a little confused. Irony plays a big part in Shirley Jacksons short story, TheLottery. Throughout the story, the reader is led to believe that thelottery being held within the community is an exciting and wonderful thing. What the reader sees is a small, close-knit community, a community thatseems almost like a big family, gathering for this event. The storyfocuses on the tension of the crowd while the lots are drawn by the head ofeach family. The reader is surprised to find that the winner is upsetinstead of filled with joy. The reader is even more surprised when thewinner or, more accurately, the loser is so upset that she tries to awardsomeone else with the honor. At the end of the story, we find out that theprize for being the winner of the lottery is that the winner will be killedby stoning. The plot of the The Necklace, by Guy de Maupassant, is even more ironicthan that of The Lottery. A beautiful women who is poverty strickenloses what she presumes to be a valuable necklace. After losing thenecklace, she and her husband become engulfed in debt by borrowing fromusurers and friends in order to replace the lost necklace. The couplespends years living in poverty while repaying the debts. The situationalirony is revealed when the reader and the woman learn that the necklace wasa fake and was not worth nearly the money the couple spent replacing thenecklace. In The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, the citizens live in a Utopiansociety, a society with no crime or guilt of any kind. It is the kind ofsociety that many people have dreamed of for years. The ironic twist comesfrom the famous cliche, If it sounds to good to be true it probably is.The drawback of this Utopian society is that in order for the citizens tomaintain the Utopia, a young child must be tortured. The dramatic irony isthat suffering of one child results in the ultimate happiness of a wholecommunity. Authors often use situational, dramatico r verbal irony in theirstories to surprise the reader at the end of the story. This gives thereader a little shock and leaves the reader thinking about the wholestory. It makes the reader re-think the plot and his expectations of theending of the story.

Invention of the Light Bulb by Thomas Edison an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

Invention of the Light Bulb by Thomas Edison Outline: Need essay sample on "Invention of the Light Bulb by Thomas Edison" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Known to researchers, it was not Edison who originally thought of inventing the incandescent lamp it was only him who furnished it with his brilliant ideas and concepts. He come up with it for 5 decades and finally decided to do what he thought, he revise and continued what other inventors did in the making of Electric light among these inventors was Swan. He wanted to find a perfect practical electrical home light. So what he did was continue to study on this until he was able to perfect it with the help of his other assistant. It was through the help of his assistants that they experimented with different things like carbonized cotton thread, platinum and species of vegetable fiber. EssayLab specialists recommend: A Short History Of Tractors In Ukrainian A View Of The Value Of Certain Characters A Wine Connoisseurs Passion Academic Free License And Mozilla Public License 11 They were so diligent and intelligent. They never surrendered in the experiment until they finally found a perfect material for the perfect electric light bulb. Edison wanted to find a material that would not easily be burn out and consumed while it produces the light so practically and less expensive that will be able to compete with the use of gas as lighting. There was such a great planning for this experimentation, it took Edison years to finally decided and laid up the perfect plan for the invention. Edison and his assistants encountered problems along the way as they conducted the experiment. Edison envisioned that a successful light would have to be incandescent so that it would not be burn along the process. He had technical problems as he started his invention. He experimented on different materials until he finally discovered a perfect tool for his perfect incandescent lamp. This took place in his laboratory in the Menlo Park on October 1879. It was on this date that Edisons incandescent lamp was finally perfected. The invention of Edison opened great opportunities to America and Edison himself. Many industries were built after his invention. Definitely, Edison caused the America to be technically progressive for his invention opened the doors for commercialism and built industries that practically helped the economy of America in one way or another. He also served as a model for the other hopefuls there to be like him. He serves as an inspiration for them, that poverty would not be a hindrance for one to succeed and achieve his dreams in life. Invention of the Light Bulb by Thomas Edison Thomas Alva Edison, a United States inventor. He is the most famous of all Americans to make a career of inventing; Edison was called the Wizard of Menlo Park, which was his laboratory for sometime, found in New Jersey. He was especially important for his electrical inventions. Like many inventors of his era, Edison struggled to perfect a system of practical electrical home lighting. He experimented with arc lighting in 1875, but became convinced that successful home lighting would have to be incandescent; that is, use a material that would glow when an electric current passed through it, but not burn in the process. He studied earlier experiments and in 1878 announced that he had the technical problems solved and would create a practical incandescent lamp within six months. The greatest problem was not creating a light for others had done that before but finding a filament that would not quickly burn out, and producing the lamp cheaply enough to compete with gas lighting. Edison began by experimenting with carbon as a filament, but rejected it and tried using platinum. He discovered that a platinum filament would have to be very thin to provide the resistance necessary for use in the high- voltage electrical system he envisioned. However, when made thin enough, the filaments were too fragile and broke. After numerous experiments with platinum, Edison returned to carbon filaments. In October, 1879, Edison and his assistants began to experiment with a filament made of carbonized cotton thread. Enclosed in a glass bulb with a near- perfect vacuum, it shed a bright light and burned for many hours. The practical incandescent lamp had become a reality. Edison and his assistants continued to search for a better filament material. They tried carbonized paper, and tested some species of vegetable fibers. They have experimented bamboo, then Tungsten and the Nitrogen for vacuum, but essentially Edisons lamp was the same as those used today. The incandescent lamp or the electric light bulb brought new opportunities for Edison and to his country, America. Several new industries, including the electric light and power industry, were built based on his invention. He was awarded 1, 093 United States patents. One of his greatest contributions was the development of the privately financed research organization employing expert scientists and technicians. This system, carried on by private industry, has been responsible for much of Americas technical progress since 1900. Edison excelled in the ability to bring together seemingly unrelated scientific principles, grasp their meaning, and put them into practical use. When he was only 31 his reputation as a practical inventor was so well established that a group of investors provided him with $300,000 for a project that many scientists said was impossible and that was the development of incandescent light. He developed products for which he perceived an immediate commercial application which eventually has greatly helped the economy of America. In 1915, Edison became president of the United States Naval Consulting Board, which is formed to develop inventions to improve the defensive power of the Navy. Edisons invention of the electric bulb has brought great opportunities for America, through it their industry was opened and became much promising than ever. During World War I, Edison also took part in helping America, when he created listening devices to detect submarines, underwater search light, water penetrating projectile, a device for detecting enemy airplanes and a telephone system for ships. Many honors came to Edison which also brought fame to America. The French government made him a chevalier of the Legion of Honor and eventually a commander of that order. Indeed, the discovery of the incandescent lamp by Thomas Alva Edison was really important for through it many doors of opportunity were opened for his country, America. In one way it has helped made the country unite and be proud of one of the citizen of their country who aimed high and achieved a lot in his field. It served as an encouragement among the rest of the Americans that poverty and physical incapability can not hinder one from achieving his dreams. Just like Edison who experience poverty once in his life, who was a railroad worker, sold candies, fruits and newspaper and then became partially deaf after his work in the rail road. Edison was optimistic and continued his dreams through his inventions that made him renowned all over the world by being a great and intelligent inventor. References: Conot, R. E. Thomas A. Edison: s Streak of Luck (1979; DaCapo Press reprint, 1986). Greene, Carol. Thomas Alva Edison: Bringer of Light (Childrens Press, 1985). Lampton, C. F. Thomas Alva Edison (Watts, 1988).

Persuasive Essay on Teenage Pregnancy

Persuasive Essay on Teenage Pregnancy Persuasive Essay on Teenage Pregnancy A persuasive essay targets to inform a particular group of readers about the detrimental impacts of a certain habit or activity. In the same way, a persuasive essay can also be intended to depict the positive side of an argument that is not favored by the majority in a group. For example, the head of communications in a large organization can write a persuasive report that presents the benefits of adopting new communication technology, say videoconferencing. When one writes a persuasive essay, he or she hopes to let somebody know that a change of behavior is necessary. In the end, the person that reads the persuasive essay will realize that he/she urgently needs to change from a costly, dangerous, or outdated practice and adopt a more effective alternative. Persuasive essays are mostly written when the issue being discussed has a likelihood of being highly resisted. Equally, writing a persuasive essay is the way to go when you are targeting a group of readers who have little or no awareness about the topic. For instance, young people nowadays engage in casual sex with little knowledge about the repercussions. Negative peer pressure and inappropriate media content are to blame for this trend. Over and above this, there are contraceptive advertisements all over that encourage young people to interact freely, knowing that they can always protect themselves when sexual urges emerge. In spite of all this, it is the responsibility of the society to shun premature sex. Parents have a duty to monitor their children’s’ behavior, but adequate information through persuasive essays can be helpful. The most effective persuasive essay on teenage pregnancy is one that is written using the direct approach. The implication of this is that the essay will begin with a summary of the dangers of teenage pregnancy. Usually, essays written in a direct format are attractive because the main argument catches the reader’s eye instantly. This leads him or her to desire to know the reasons why the writer has made the conclusion presented. Because teenagers often exhibit a tendency of instantaneously dismissing arguments that do not favor them, a direct approach will suppress this urge. Apart from employing directness in writing, the persuasive essay needs to incorporate recent statistics about teenage pregnancy. The written content of the essay will persuade the readers to change their view of early sexual activity. However, including several statistical examples to highlight the dangers of teenage pregnancy enhances the persuasive effect. For example, the writer can utilize the Internet to obtain statistics about the number of teenage deaths that were caused by unsafe abortions. In addition, if the writer can get hold of material written by a person whose future was ruined by teenage pregnancy, it would be better. The writer can also obtain the consent of prominent personalities to include their written advice on teenage pregnancy. Because making a decision is a personal matter, the writer can include a certain clause in the essay that encourages the reader to consult the writer for further advice or clarification if he/she needs to. Do you need help with writing a persuasive essay on this topic? Feel free to order a custom essay online at paper writing service now!

THE REFORM OF URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN CHINA Essay

THE REFORM OF URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT IN CHINA - Essay Example This included the property rights arrangement, the financial arrangement and the operation arrangement. The property rights arrangement enabled the transfer of ownership. The financial arrangement provided the capital availability for further development. The operational arrangement upgraded the efficiency by exploiting advanced management skill applied to the water sector. As the privatization of the water sector took place, the role of the government changed. The government should step down from the role of service provider, and become the regulator of water market. The increase in water tariffs was also important in the water reform. The central government tried to increase the water efficiency and productivity by market mechanism. Increase in water tariffs raised the cost of using water, which could reduce water consumption with low use value. The urban water resources management had experienced a tremendous change for the sustainable development of urban China. I declare that this dissertation represents my own work, except where due acknowledgement is made and that it has not been previously included in a thesis, dissertation, or report submitted to this University or to any other institution for a degree, diploma or other qualifications. I would like to take this opportunity to thank my family, especially my wife Marisa and my daughter Vickie for their enduring support and encouragement. Also, I want to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Y S Frederick LEE, for his continual support and guidance during the whole period of the preparation of my dissertation. Here I want to dedicate this work to them. Water is one of the necessities for human sustainable development. It is also a key element for urban activities, such as daily living and industrial activities. China has only 6% of the world’s total fresh water resource, but more than 20% of its population (Gleick, 2009). The National

Developing and leading effective Teams Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Developing and leading effective Teams - Article Example In terms of the type of team essential for the accomplishment of the problem affect nurses and patients, I would advocate for a primary work team or primary care team (Calendrillo, 2009). It is a team that concentrates on interacting with the patients at both the professional and personal levels to get feedback important in boost healthcare services given by the hospital. On that note, there are benefits and disadvantages of creating the aforementioned type of team. On benefit involves constant communication that ensures the execution of roles and responsibilities within the health sector (Beeson, 2011). Second, the creation of ground rules often emerge in such scenarios because of certain expected behaviours and guidelines. However, the disadvantages encompass inability to reach quick agreements because of team binding regulations. I, therefore, would prefer staff members with both interpersonal and intrapersonal skills because they will understand how to interact with others (Kelly & Tazbir, 2013). Their skill sets and positions will offer a chance for trust during

Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Capital Punishment - Essay Example In some occasions, crimes such as rape, incest, sodomy as well as adultery were punished through death penalty. In a country like china, high level corruption, human trafficking as well as drug trafficking are punishable by death (Cullen, Bartkowski and Unnever 317). There is no doubt that use of capital punishment was used by a variety of society as a process of enhancing justice. At present a total of 58 countries still use capital punishment while about 97 states have done away with it for whatever crime, 8 countries have abolished it for specific common crimes while about 10 countries have not used death penalty on the last 10 years. It is worth mentioning that approximately 90.0% of death penalty occurs in Asia. In the United States of America, the history of death penalty has centred on the two views of the same issue. One side holds the view that death penalty is necessary in the society to bring sanity while the other side believes that an advanced and civilized society like the US should not resort to using death penalty as a way of punishment since it is a cruel way of instilling sanity in the society. It is important to note that over the years, advocates for improvement in the way capital punishment is done has resulted a in a number of changes. For instances, through passage of laws which are in line with the constitution, some states have abolished capital punishments. However, others have embarked on strategies aimed at changing the techniques utilized when executing offenders, critically examining the types of crimes that warrant death penalty as well as developing plans to identify factors that lead to crime. Ideally, capital punishment in the US has its root in the primitive British laws. It has been argued by proponents of capital punishment that the approach helps the society tremendously reduce crime. This paper seek to present arguments for and against capital punishment and make a judgment whether the approach is good in deterring people from committing crime or not. Arguments for capital punishment Eliminating future dangerousness It has been argued by proponents of capital punishment that executing individual who have committed serious crimes such as killing, others, stealing, raping, treason among others will eliminate that individual and the society will live with no fear of being raped, killed among others. This school of thought can be traced to moral theory of John Mills. In this theory, the guiding principle is that the best option to be taken is the one that generates greatest happiness to the greatest number of people. To that effect, if majority of the citizen will live comfortably when a few thieves, rapists, corrupt individuals, drug traffickers are eliminated so be it. Berry, in his article published in 2010 stated that the rationale for punishing someone based on their dangerousness is that the state needs to protect its citizens from the threat that the offender poses to society. In other words, the state chooses to incapacitate an offender in order to ensure that the offender does not commit another criminal act (Berry, 894). From the beginning of the post-Furman era, most states have included and relied on an evaluation of an individual‘s dangerousness to contribute to the determination whether a criminal offender should be put to death. Texas and

Climate Change Awareness And The Media Environmental Sciences Essay

Climate Change Awareness And The Media Environmental Sciences Essay Climate change being the most important issue of the 21st century it is affecting developing countries the most. And a case study of every country is important to understand the level of risk it is at. This paper is a case study of Pakistan and its media. The level of awareness that exists among the people and exactly what sectors and areas are being affected that need to be dealt with in time. This paper is a detailed study of climate change, what it is, the evidences of climate change in Pakistan and the vulnerabilities that need to be taken care of by the Media by creating awareness about it by persuading both the Government and the People to take initiatives towards contributing less to climate change. The analysis is based on primary and secondary research which in the end gives recommendations and conclusion so as to what and how should the media create awareness about climate change. INTRODUCTION Global Climate Change resulting from an increasing concentration of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in the atmosphere caused by the use of fossil fuels and other human activities is now an established phenomenon and its effects have been observed in most parts of the world including Pakistan. With continued heavy reliance of the world energy system on fossil fuels for the foreseeable future much larger climatic changes and their adverse impacts are to be expected in the coming decades. According to the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the average temperature of the earths surface increased by 0.6  °C over the past century and is projected to increase further by 1.1 to 6.4  °C by the end of the current century (IPCC 2007). It will be accompanied by large variations (both, increases and decreases) of temperature and precipitation in different world regions, considerable worldwide increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme clima tic events (floods, droughts, cyclones etc.), large scale shrinking of Arctic sea ice and recession of mountain glaciers, rise in average sea level by up to 0.6 meter etc., with serious adverse impacts on various socio-economic sectors in many parts of the world. Pakistan is particularly vulnerable to climate change because it has generally a warm climate; it lies in a world region where the temperature increases are expected to be higher than the global averages; its land area is mostly arid and semi-arid (about 60 per cent of the area receives less than 250 mm of rainfall per year and 24 per cent receives between 250-500 mm); its rivers are predominantly fed by the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalaya (HKH) glaciers which are reported to be receding rapidly due to global warming; its economy is largely agrarian and hence highly climate sensitive; and because the country faces increasingly larger risks of variability in monsoon rains, large floods and extended droughts. Under the influence of all these factors the Water Security and the Food security of the country are under serious threat. Compounding these problems are the expected increased risks to the coastal areas (these include Karachi, Pakistans largest city and the hub of its industrial ac tivity and international trade) and the Indus deltaic region due to sea level rise and increasing cyclonic activity; to the mountainous regions due to glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and land slides; to the countrys scanty forests (less than 5% of the land area is under forest cover) due to forest fires as well as reduced regeneration under rapidly changing climatic conditions; to human health due to heat strokes, diarrhoea, cholera, vector borne diseases, etc.; and to human settlements due to floods and cyclones. Although Pakistan has been rather late in realizing the intensity of the climate change threat to its socio-economic development, the country is now taking this threat very seriously: A dedicated research centre (called, Global Change Impact Studies Centre, GCISC) focusing on climate change related aspects was initiated in 2003 and a high level committee chaired by the Prime Minister (called Prime Ministers Committee on Climate Change, PMCCC) was established in 2005 to provide national level policy guidelines on climate change related issues. More recently, in October 2008, the Planning Commission (PC) set up a Task Force on Climate Change (TFCC) with a view to take stock of countrys situation vis a vis climate change; to contribute to the formulation of a climate change policy that would assist the government in achieving sustained economic growth by appropriately addressing climate change threats so as to ensure water security, food security and energy security of the country; and to recommend policy measures for promoting large scale Adaptation and Mitigation efforts, for raising awareness of various stakeholders; and for enhancing the capacities of relevant national institutions (see Annex-A for full Terms of Reference (TOR) of TFCC and Annex-B for the list of TFCC members). While Pakistan is highly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change, its own contribution to the total global GHG emissions is a miniscule (about 0.8%) and its per capita GHG emissions correspond to about one-fifth of the average for Western Europe (IEA/OECD 2006). As such, the main thrust of the countrys response to climate change is bound to be on Adaptation measures. Still, as a responsible member of the international community, Pakistan would like to contribute as much to the global Mitigation effort as it possibly can while trying to meet the countrys basic minimum energy needs consistent with its socio-economic developmental requirements, energy security considerations, and financial and technological constraints. Climate change is an undeniable fact of the 21st century and the world is witnessing a rapid change in temperature, precipitation, snow fall, melting of glaciers, sun shine period etc. It is predicted to have a devastating impact on the planet and its inhabitants. The IPCC Synthesis Report (2007) indicated that about 20 to 30 percent species of animals and plants would be at risk of extinction if global temperature rises from 1.5 to 2.5 degree. This will create a range of problems for humans. Moreover, health issues and disease will sharply increase among human beings. IPCC report states, The health status of millions of people is projected to be affected through, for example, increases in malnutrition; increased deaths, diseases and injury due to extreme weather events; increased burden of diarrheal diseases; increased frequency of cardio-respiratory diseases due to higher concentrations of ground-level ozone in urban areas related to climate change; and the altered spatial distribu tion of some infectious diseases. Agriculture will also become more susceptible to pest and disease attacks. Soil erosion, caused by storms and floods will limit the agricultural scope in the coming years. Trans-boundary movement of pests and diseases will further complicate the situation. Moreover, the peace and livelihoods of billions of people would be threatened due to the scarcity of water. Water availability, according to the demand of growing population, and need, in different sectors is under a cloud of doubt. The major sufferers would be Africa and Asia. The fresh water availability will decrease many folds. IPCC reported that the water shortage will have severe impacts on South Asian productivity and systems of production. The frequency of production shocks and failure of crops will become more common (IPCC 2007). Owing to the adverse impact of climate change, natural resources will become scarce. Scarcity always leads to competition to gain the maximum, sometimes at the cost of others, and paves the way for conflicts and wars. Dr. R. K. Pachauri (2007) said, Climate change has raised the threat of dramatic population migration, conflict, and war over water and other resources as well as a realignment of power among nations. Some also highlight the possibility of rising tensions between rich and poor nations, health problems caused particularly by water shortages, and crop failures as well as concerns over nuclear proliferation. Impact of Climate Change on different Sector Water Resources Melting rate of glaciers will increase in the Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush regions resulting in flash floods to begin with. Increased melting rate will aggravate the process of depletion of water resources. However, some hydrologists are of the view that the rate of snowfall will increase and melting rate will decrease due to lower temperature in Himalaya, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush. Watersheds and water basin would be degraded due to erosion and loss of forest cover. Water stresses, drought will increase or vice versa. Agriculture Lower productivity and production, Outbreak and spread of diseases, Shifting in cropping patterns, Soil erosion, salinity and water logging, Increased trans-boundary movement of pests and diseases Livestock would also be impacted by the climate change induced calamities and vulnerabilities. Lower crop productivity will introduce competition between food and fodder crops in country. Keeping in mind the current situation of food availability in the country, food crops will have to be given top priority. Forestry, Biodiversity and Land Use Changes Depletion of biodiversity; Reduction in forest cover; Shifting of biomass due to change in temperature; Loss of wildlife; Deforestation to make land available for agricultural purposes to nourish the population. Coastal Zones Risk of soil erosion and degradation; Flooding inundation; Displacement of wetlands and lowlands; Salinization of ground and surface water. Natural Calamities Increased frequency and severity of occurrence of extreme floods; Increased frequency and severity of occurrence of droughts; Increased frequency and severity of occurrence of cyclones; Increased frequency and severity of occurrence of diseases. Impact of Climate Change on Health Increased frequency and severity of occurrence of diarrhea; Increased frequency and severity of occurrence of malnourishment; Increased frequency and severity of occurrence of malaria; There would also be heat stresses. Vulnerabilities are expected to increase across the globe; however, the extent of these would be unequal. Poor people and regions would be more susceptible to climate change and adverse impacts, and their helplessness would be higher, as compared to rich people and regions. As Thomas and Twyman (2005) mentioned, vulnerabilities are higher in developing and least developed countries and their ability and capacity to adapt is limited due to higher level of dependence on natural resources, weak financial and institutional arrangements, and high incidence of poverty, stagnant or diminishing growth of GDP and most importantly absence or weak safety net mechanism. Pakistans State of Environment The development history of Pakistan is quite interesting. Pakistans economy has undergone different experiments over the course of time. On occasion, Pakistan followed the protective-economic model, and other times, the open-market model. However, these models remained oblivious of environmental aspects. Although Pakistan is not a big polluter, the prevalent lack of knowledge regarding nature is a major concern. Environment and poverty are strongly linked and in some cases, determine impact. The underprivileged sections of society are more dependent on natural resources and their judicious distribution, and at the same time, are more vulnerable to economic, social and environmental shocks. Poor management of natural resources further aggravates the situation in Pakistan. The livelihood of millions of people is, both directly and indirectly, dependent on Pakistans natural assets. How is Pakistan affected by climate change? Pakistan contributes very little to the overall Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, but remains severely impacted by the negative effects of climate change by the following ways: Glacier melt in the Himalayas is projected to increase flooding will affect water resources within the next two to three decades. This will be followed by decreased river flows over time as glaciers recede. Freshwater availability is also projected to decrease which will lead to biodiversity loss and reduce availability of freshwater for the population. Coastal areas bordering the Arabian Sea in the south of Pakistan will be at greatest risk due to increased flooding from the sea and in some cases, the rivers. Being a predominantly agriculture economy, climate change is estimated to decrease crop yields in Pakistan which in turn will affect livelihoods and food production. Combining the decreased yields with the current rapid population growth and urbanization in the country, the risk of hunger and food security will remain high.   Endemic morbidity and mortality due to diseases primarily associated with floods and droughts are expected to rise. Increases in coastal water temperatures would exacerbate the abundance of cholera.   The impact of climate change will also aggravate the existing social inequalities of resource use and intensify social factors leading to instability, conflicts, displacement of people and changes in migration patterns. Environmental degradation is a well-established fact in Pakistan. Components of the environment, e.g. forests, water, wetlands, land, air are not in satisfactory quality. Moreover, their condition continues to deteriorate with time. The land is losing its fertility due to organic degradation, soil erosion, water logging, salinity and the loss of cover of natural vegetation. Land productivity is increasingly following a decreasing trend and is already very low in Pakistan as compared to the other developed and developing countries. The water sector also faces issues of environmental degradation and the dilemma of mismanagement. Industrial, solid and household waste further adds to water pollution and the lack of an adequate governance system is exacerbating the situation. Water basins are also depleting very rapidly. The exhaustion of water basins is and will continue to be the cause of major concerns in the future. Pakistan will have to face the problem of scarcity in future, which will result in reduced hydro power generation. Over-exploitation of forest resources is a common phenomenon, due to lack of awareness among the masses. The quality of air is worsening due to presence of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), the general misuse of natural resources and other unwanted pollutants, such as chemicals. Owing to these problems, Pakistans biodiversity is sharply declining. The poor health of natural resources is impacting the whole social, economic and environmental fabric of Pakistan. This current state of the environment imposes heavy costs on the countrys weak economic structure. Negligence in the past has further impaired the situation and enhanced the financial burden. The current government is coping with problems in tackling environmental issues, due to the weak economic situation and increasing natural disintegration. Furthermore, the allocation of national funds towards environment and poverty are not based on necessity. Government spending on the environment is clearly insufficient. The institutional framework to address environmental issues is weak, but it has been evolving since the formulation and adoption of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance in 1983. Pakistan, being a signatory to different international agreements, is reframing its institutes, legal set up and implementation strategies. The government has established different authorities and organizations, e.g. Clean Development Mechanism cell, Environment Protection Agency, Global Change Impact Studies Centre (GCISC) and policies and acts e.g. PEPA97, Environment Policy 2005 and Energy Efficiency Policy and so on. The Environment Policy 2005 is a pivotal instrument for the response to environmental concerns. The policy addresses the production sector, both natural and industrial, to attain the objective of sustainable development in Pakistan and mainstreaming environmental knowledge. The policy suggests What Next? Pakistan is a signatory to almost all environment related agreements and thus has certain obligations and privileges. Now, the question arises as to how Pakistan will fulfill the dream of development in the presence of all these agreements, which call for more sustainable solutions to all these problems. As part of its privileges, Pakistan can ask for financial and technological help from the developed world. Furthermore, Pakistan can also ask for aid in tackling climate change vulnerabilities under the adaptation window. However, there are certain weaknesses or shortcomings in the international agreements which will be discussed at the Copenhagen in the Conference Of Parties 15 (COP) in December 2009. This will be a superb opportunity for Pakistan to voice its concerns. International Negotiations and Key Issues The debate on climate change is complex. Uncertainty and inequality of climate change and its impacts make it further convoluted. Scientific evidence suggests that the impact of climate change would be highly unequal due to geography. Poor (developing, least developed and small island countries) regions would be more vulnerable and some small island countries would become endangered. Developing, least developed and small island countries have a very minor share in historical emissions. However, weak institutional, governance and financial infrastructure make them more vulnerable. The Fourth Assessment Report (FAR) 2007, by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) pointed out that the climate change would be unequal and poor countries would be more vulnerable. Problem Statement the issue in Pakistan is education and lack of awareness about climate change and its impacts on Pakistan and most importantly lack of Governments accorded budget to tackle climate change by building institutions and research centers. People are not aware about how vulnerable and at risk they are and what they need to do in order to save the future generation. Climate Change and Media: a threat and vulnerabilities and the level of awareness about it. Objectives and Significance of the Study This study is aimed at knowing how much vulnerable Pakistan is to threat of climate change and the level of awareness that exists in the society about it. The purpose of the study is to gather information about the role media is playing educating people about it and how much do people know. This paper will evaluate the reasons behind the lack of awareness that exists in people due to lack of media specialists who can report, educate and spread awareness about climate change. Considering the fact the media changes many opinions and lifestyles it can have a huge impact on peoples way of thinking and persuade them to change their lifestyles to more sustainable ways of living and using any commodity. As climate Change is the biggest and the gravest issue of the 21st Century. Literature Review The media coverage and role in creating awareness about the state of environment and climate change reporting is poor in Pakistan and it increases the vulnerabilities. All the articles that were referred to put forward the same point that how journalists should be trained to report about the problems coming as a result of Climate Change. The journalists should put all efforts to build strong linkages for creating awareness among all levels of the society and extend their support and cooperation to the Ministry of environment and all the civil society members working for climate change for achieving the goal of a healthy and clean environment. In Farehia Rehmans article in THE NATION Media must create awareness about environment issues By FAREHIA REHMAN June 5, 2009 The Director UNESCO Islamabad Maurice Robson said that the organization is collaborating with the Ministry of Environment for organizing two media workshops for strengthening the capacity of media professional. He said that there is dire need to improve the linkages between the Ministry of Environment and Ministry of Education for promoting environmental education in different segments of the society. The aim is to do capacity building of journalists for effectively reporting on climate change and mountain ecosystem related issues in order to help boost the efforts for raising awareness in the concerned areas. Media can play a major role in persuading and convincing people about the depth of the problem of climate change like Al Gore documentary has converted many people and turned them into responsible citizens who want to use sustainable ways of consuming electricity, while buying their cars, while using plastic bags and while polluting their environment. And the article Al Gores documentary draws students attention (Pakistan Observer 13th April 2010 Islamabad) Supports this argument that the documentary and the media content increases youths interest. Kakakhel said that energy production is the single most GHG producing process which is profusely used in food production and processing technologies. He advised the students not to use shower but water and use towels outside ten times and use more climate-friendly products. Say no to plastics, he said, which are damaging trees. He said one can have a car pool and effort should be made to use bicycles wherever possible and convince people by talking and writing to editors. He said that bad actions and inactions are more dangerous. Another article Call for technology transfer, aid to mitigate climate change (Dawn13 May 2009 Islamabad) Farrukh Iqbal Khan from the Foreign Office suggested establishment of fund for innovative projects to enhance awareness while creation of regional curriculum on climatology, capacity building and knowledge generation A lot of articles are found on just negotiations that have been held by policy makers on climate change and how and what sectors are being affected that need to tackled. Pakistans vulnerabilities are being discussed in the articles but they also urge the media persons to be trained and to learn how to report about climate change and how media should play an important role in the information gap that exists in people about the issue. Even the Article 6 of the UNFCCC Convention supports the fact that there is need of building institutions to create awareness and spread education at a National and regional, sub regional levels if needed with international help. Following are the clauses: (i) The development and implementation of educational and public awareness programmes on climate change and its effects; (ii) Public access to information on climate change and its effects; (iii) Public participation in addressing climate change and its effects and developing adequate responses; and (iv) Training of scientific, technical and managerial personnel. Climate change is irreversibly harming Pakistan, with its tremendous social, environmental and economic impacts. The main challenges are reduced agricultural productivity, human morbidity, and stressed use of natural resources. The agriculture productivity in Pakistan is being affected due to changes in land and water regimes. This is negatively affecting agriculture productivity by altering bio-physical relationships like changing growing periods of crops, altered scheduling of cropping seasons, increased crop stresses (thermal and moisture stresses), changing irrigation water requirements, altering soil characteristics and increasing the risk of pests and diseases. The report prepared by the Task Force on Climate Change will work to evaluate institutional weaknesses and suggest measures for strengthening capacity of relevant institutions, promoting program for advocacy and awareness, mainstreaming climate change into national and sect-oral policies, provide guidelines for reduction of green house gas emissions and environmental pollution as well as guide for the development of clean development mechanism-based projects to avail international opportunities for financing. Media has a serious role to play in this Instead of covering issues about two celebrities getting into a fight or how the Indian soap operas have reached a 1000 episodes our journalists should report about the scientific effects of climate change on our biosphere, talk about a fisherman in Gawadar who can no longer feed his family because the fish is hard to catch as the catch has declined due to global warming they are becoming endangered. Or they come in different seasons now; the whole pattern of weather is changing. By doing so, the public not only understands what youre saying, but begins to empathize with a specific person. That empathy means they care and the more you make people care about your issue, the more they are willing to agree with your point of view. Suddenly, the reporter has a way of telling your story in a way that his or her audience is more likely to care about. The argument strengthens the very basic point of educating a poor for example a farmer about his crops and how they can be affected by climate change and what he needs to do to about it. Media reaches down to the poorest of the poor in every form, and medium be it radio, news papers or Television (Internet has nothing to do with farmer community). Media can transform the way people think and how they act. There is just need to inject the fear of being affected by climate change that can cause disasters. Media has the power to convince people to agree to what they disagreed before. Climate change needs all the attention at this moment and this is the right time. People in the northern valleys and people near sea e.g. fisher men, transporters e.g. the Karakorem Highway will be washed off with the Hunza Lake water level when the Glaciers fully melts. These are all things that are the top and most important issues affecting trade and business and causing many lives. Climate change will o nly become worse if not treated well and taken care of, and practical awareness needs to be spread among these people who are the most vulnerable to it through media. Research Methodology The research was from both primary and secondary sources. The questionnaire containing 16 questions was filled by 40 young university students equally distributed among females and males from different backgrounds to check the knowledge and level of awareness in them about climate change considering the fact that the youth has access to and is obsessed with media and whatever it shows has an effect on them. The questionnaire gave out the first hand results and opinions of people. The questions were designed in a way that each was connected with the other and they had a pattern of starting from the basic questions about the term climate change and then how much they think media has been covering it and then whether Pakistan is vulnerable and what are the policy makers doing about it. How effective medias role has been in reporting about climate change and telling Pakistan how and from where Pakistan is the most vulnerable what sectors are being affected by it and how many problems can arise because of it in future. The articles support and problem statement that the analysis of the survey questionnaire. Survey Analysis A sample of 40 students was taken from different disciplines (MBA, BBA, and BSS) among them there were 20 males and 20 females. The analysis is as follows: Q.4 Are you familiar with the term climate change? More than 80% of the people are familiar with the term climate change and around 18 % people have heard it but dont know what it means but none said that they havent heard it or are not familiar with it. Climate change the term is known to the majority of the young people that were interviewed. As climate change is an undeniable fact of the 21st century and especially people in the third world are the most vulnerable to it, as Pakistan being one of the vulnerable countries are youth is familiar with the term because they have heard or read it somewhere or maybe they can feel major changes in weather and probably relate it to climate change. Q.5 where did you hear it from? What were your sources of awareness about this issue? Around 68% of the peoples main source of information about climate change is newspaper/television/internet. Only 10% said they were affiliated with some organization working for climate change and thats how they knew about it. And around 23% said they had watched some documentary on it. So this shows that only literate class knows about it and its their own efforts through which they know about it but the illiterate or the people who do not have access to TV or cannot read news paper are at greater risk because they mostly they are farmers people working in villages around sea shores , river banks, fishers etc they are the most vulnerable to any climatic disaster and they usually do not have the access to such mass media. Q.6 how often do you see climate change issues being addressed in the news papers or by our media? Around 38% people think that climate change issues or the topic is being covered every week by the media or news paper. 35% think that its once a month, almost 13% said that they have never seen any coverage on it and 15 % people said they come across it every day. But the main twist is that it is not being covered by the local media this much or it is not focused on Pakistan specially, its different areas, from where ever it is being affect for example from the south or the north, or whether the Himalayan glaciers are at risk or the fish in the sea in Karachi. People do not know how much and from what angles Pakistan is getting affected and what measures are needed to tackle any such disaster. Q.7 Are you aware of any organizations working for climate change? Interesting answers were revealed out of this question as exactly 37.5% people said yes they were aware of organizations working for climate change and same percent age of people also said they didnt know about any such organizations. And to balance it out the 25% people said that maybe they knew or had heard some organizations working for it they werent sure about it. This shows the level of confusion, and extreme views in the youth about this issue being tackled in Pakistan and how and by whom. As it is very important for the people to know about the right organizations to be informed and to get connected with if they are interested in becoming an agent of change by contributing towards the work being done by those organizations for climate change. This just shows the lack of interest of people and the ambiguity that exists in them about the issue because most of the people are not aware about the level of Pakistans vulnerability to it because they are not being educated about it. Q.8 Do you agree that Climate change is being addressed by policy makers It is clearly visible that majority (35%) of the people strongly disagreed with the statement that climate change was being rightly and sufficiently being addressed by the policy makers. And that is the core problem. This leads to lack of institutions and lack of the urge to create awareness about t

Bacons Rebellion Essay -- American History Nathaniel Bacon Papers

Bacon's Rebellion Sometimes there comes an event in American History in which no one knows exactly why it happened. What the motives of the event were are left to the interpretation of the historian doing the research. Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 was on such event. Wilcomb E. Washburn’s view is precise when he states, â€Å" Bacon’s Rebellion. . .was an event on which observers could agree on the facts, but divide on the interpretation.† Historians have been picking into peoples’ accounts and versions of the legend for over 3 centuries, but never coming to a common conclusion. One fact is for sure and that is that the rebellion, known as Bacon’s, was what was going to pave the way towards Revolution of British Authority. In this paper I will look at one aspect that I feel was the motivation behind one individual's defiance to authority and the need to take matters regarding Indian relations into his own hands. Bacon was the kind of person to take what he thought was right into his own hands, even if it meant that he was breaking the law. In his eyes he was doing right and if he did not have the official support, he was going to do it anyway. On the other side was the feeble and zealous Governor of Virginia, Sir William Berkeley. The Rebellion was also called, â€Å" the first protest against royal authority in America.† Sir William Berkeley was the second cousin of Bacon. Not wanting for the relations with the Indians to deteriorate, Berkeley did not thirst for an all out war in order to control the growing Indian crisis. He believed that the Indians should be punished for killing the settlers and wreaking havoc on their lives, however, not in the magnitude that Bacon had ... ...ution-an HTML Project. Accessed on 7 October 2000. Available at http://odur.let.rug.n1/~usa/D/1651-1700/bacon_rebel/berke.htm Mooy, Age. â€Å"Bacon’s Declaration in the Name of the People (30 July 1676)†, The American Revolution-an HTML Project. Accessed on 7 October 2000. Available at http://odur.let.rug.n1/~us/D/1651-1700/bacon_rebel/bacon.htm Washburn, Wilcomb E. The Governor and The Rebel: A History of Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1957. Webb, Stephen Saunders. 1676: The End of American Independence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1984. Wertenbaker, Thomas Jefferson. Torchbearer of the Revolution: The Story of Bacon’s Rebellion and its Leader. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1940. William & Mary College Historical Magazine. Vol. 9, Issue I. (July, 1900) Bacon's Rebellion Essay -- American History Nathaniel Bacon Papers Bacon's Rebellion Sometimes there comes an event in American History in which no one knows exactly why it happened. What the motives of the event were are left to the interpretation of the historian doing the research. Bacon’s Rebellion in 1676 was on such event. Wilcomb E. Washburn’s view is precise when he states, â€Å" Bacon’s Rebellion. . .was an event on which observers could agree on the facts, but divide on the interpretation.† Historians have been picking into peoples’ accounts and versions of the legend for over 3 centuries, but never coming to a common conclusion. One fact is for sure and that is that the rebellion, known as Bacon’s, was what was going to pave the way towards Revolution of British Authority. In this paper I will look at one aspect that I feel was the motivation behind one individual's defiance to authority and the need to take matters regarding Indian relations into his own hands. Bacon was the kind of person to take what he thought was right into his own hands, even if it meant that he was breaking the law. In his eyes he was doing right and if he did not have the official support, he was going to do it anyway. On the other side was the feeble and zealous Governor of Virginia, Sir William Berkeley. The Rebellion was also called, â€Å" the first protest against royal authority in America.† Sir William Berkeley was the second cousin of Bacon. Not wanting for the relations with the Indians to deteriorate, Berkeley did not thirst for an all out war in order to control the growing Indian crisis. He believed that the Indians should be punished for killing the settlers and wreaking havoc on their lives, however, not in the magnitude that Bacon had ... ...ution-an HTML Project. Accessed on 7 October 2000. Available at http://odur.let.rug.n1/~usa/D/1651-1700/bacon_rebel/berke.htm Mooy, Age. â€Å"Bacon’s Declaration in the Name of the People (30 July 1676)†, The American Revolution-an HTML Project. Accessed on 7 October 2000. Available at http://odur.let.rug.n1/~us/D/1651-1700/bacon_rebel/bacon.htm Washburn, Wilcomb E. The Governor and The Rebel: A History of Bacon’s Rebellion in Virginia. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press, 1957. Webb, Stephen Saunders. 1676: The End of American Independence. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1984. Wertenbaker, Thomas Jefferson. Torchbearer of the Revolution: The Story of Bacon’s Rebellion and its Leader. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1940. William & Mary College Historical Magazine. Vol. 9, Issue I. (July, 1900)

Office Depot

â€Å"Office Depot† The First Office Depot opened in 1986 in Lauderdale Lakes, Florida. The Office Depot is a global supplier of office products and services and has experienced a dramatic growth process over the past twenty-five years. In 1990 the Office Depot Companies bought â€Å"The Office Club Inc. †, and immediately became the largest office retailer in North America. Having built its business within the United States and having secured a firm business foundation, Office Depot expanded internationally in 1992. In 1996, Office Depot took its’ catalog and delivery service(s) online.Office Depot opened about 125 stores between the years 2000-2004. With the economic downturn of 2007, new strategies had to be put in place, and by 2009, 125 stores in international markets were closed. Office Depot exited the Japanese market entirely. Today, Office Depot provides office supplies and services through 1,678 retail stores worldwide, a dedicated sales force, top-rate d catalogs, and global e-commerce operations. Office Depot has annual sales of $11. 5 billion, employs roughly 39,000 employees, and serves customers in 61 countries.Their distribution channels include stores, direct mail, contract delivery, the internet, and B2B e-commerce. Viking Office Products, their wholly owned subsidiary, currently operates one of the industry’s leading direct mail marketers of office products worldwide. The competitive strategy that the Office Depot will approach is a â€Å" best-cost provider strategy† to become #1 in the office supply business. For online purchases, customers will be offered free shipping on any purchase over $25. 00. A promotional discount will be applied for 20% off, on the next purchase for every $100. 00 spent by the customer.There will be a rewards program for customers and businesses that continue to shop with Office Depot. Based on the number of office supply items purchased, the next item will be free and additional d iscounts will be applied to future purchases. After the retail store(s), prices will be lowered on items bought primarily by back-to-school customers and also year-round casual shoppers items. The retail stores will monitor active inventory for excess quantities and slow moving items and record adjustments as necessary to lower the price(s) if the anticipated realizable amount is below cost.Also, estimate and determine what items to stock and at what level, and what items to discontinue and how to value them prior to sale. The large-format retail stores will be reduced to half of the current square-footage, and staff will focus only on supplying consistently purchased merchandise. Items that tend to sit dormant at retail will be provided online only. If a retail store cannot maintain projected sales quotas, the store will be closed in that market area. New government contracts will be provided at 20% discount based on the number of office supplies purchased.Office Depot will retain business with local, state, and federal governments’ and non-profit organizations contracts by offering a lower cost than other competitors. Office Depots long term strategic direction is to be consumer focused in terms of product assortment, store layouts, new service offerings, and compelling pricing that sends a positive value message to its’ customers. This falls in line with the â€Å"best cost provider strategy† giving customers more value for the money while satisfying buyers’ expectations on key quality/features/performance/service attributes beating their price expectations.One of the main ways that Office Depot has responded was with its’ Magellan innovation, a three-year program which significantly enhanced IT capabilities. The new system will provide such benefits as improved forecasting, better support for planning, and improved profitability. This can be achieved through better utilization of store space, better pricing and data integ rity, better stocking, and reduced inventory with the end results benefiting the customer.In 2011 Office Depot announced that it is boosting their capital expenditure budget for 2012 to approximately $160 million, with a heavy emphasis on e-commerce and other IT investments. The retailers’ digital investments will be particularly important given its plans to shrink both the average size of its brick-and-mortar stores and its product assortments. Office Depots’ e-commerce sales have become an integral part of the company. Office Depot is the number (2) U. S. e-commerce retailer, second only to Amazon. com Inc.Office Depots’ aggressive Internet strategy has also generated twice the e-commerce sales of its’ rival Staples Inc. Office Depot SWOT Analysis Strengths: * Strong private label product line increases sales nationally and internationally. * Large, diverse customer base (individuals, small business, and large businesses) both nationally and overseas. * Company transitioning to smaller store format will increase presence in high growth markets. * As a direct result of negative economy, company has shuttered underperforming stores. * Cash liquid business with total assets of over four- billion dollars U.S. Weaknesses: * Little opportunity for real growth in U. S. market due to over-saturation. * Increases in competition in U. S. products market, combined with a reliance on low profit- margin electronics. * Due to the downturn of the economy coupled with continued nationally high unemployment rates†¦ sales, profits, and some business markets have diminished. * Accusations of overcharging Government Contract customers have been made public. Opportunities: * Money spent on office equipment and related items increasing among small and medium businesses. Increased ability to enter into more densely populated areas, while also reducing costs. * Increased opportunities of acquisitions due to strong cash reserves. * Increasing line of private label products geared towards â€Å"green† technology. Threats: * The global financial downturn. * High unemployment, coupled with an increase in office vacancies, compounded by low consumer confidence results in decreased spending. * Low cost/low quality imported equipment and products can lead to quality related issues. * Low switching costs increases competition and can lead to â€Å"price wars†.

buy custom The Flixborough Disaster essay

buy custom The Flixborough Disaster essay The Flixborough disaster occurred in England on June 1, 1974. In the result, the area was affected significantly; even the fish abandoned the local waters and never returned. This disaster was the price that people had to pay for coal, production of nylon, and industrial progress in general. The price was extremely high. The Flixborough tragedy took lives of many workers who were killed during the explosion at a plant processing cyclohexane. Many more were injured during the accident. This was the biggest explosion that has ever occurred in the United Kingdom. The Flixborough explosion happened on a plant processing cyclohexane on the Saturday afternoon, at seven minutes to five, local time. The clock on the post office situated two miles away from the plant stopped at the moment of explosion. At the time, nobody knew the reasons of why the explosion had happened. The consequences of this disaster were extremely deplorable. The damage was estimated at 70 million pounds. The study showed that the disaster had caused the death of 29 people while 36 workers were injured in the plant, and 53 individuals were injured outside it. Moreover, 1821 houses were damaged with many totally destroyed. Many people, who lived around the accident site, lost their homes and property. A man, who lived in one of the six semidetached houses and was the witness of this catastrophe, recollected that once he heard a noise, he could not even understand what happened. The family was watching TV (Schoolboy International) when they heard the noise. The man and his son looked out of the window and saw the explosion. A woman was another witness and gave an interview. She described what she saw at that moment. It was a huge cloud of white smoke that was rising up. She said that there was no noise at that moment, just a cloud of smoke. This smoke cvered the whole building. The woman said that she had lived there for twenty-seven years, and the citizens would not even imagine that such a disaster could happen. They knew that processing cyclohexane is dangerous, but they were not expecting the Flixborough explosion. However, the woman thought that one day, something might happen, but not as dangerous as this disaster. Everybody who lived around was scared, because the situation ran out of control. People were in the panic as everything around was in the fire. Meanwhile, about two hundred workers were still inside the plant. The area residents had to leave their homes in order to survive. Every person who was interviewed said that he/she was not going to stay at this place and wanted to move to a safer place as soon as possible. The victims of the Flixborough explosion were stressed and frightened. The workers of the plant and their families were eager to find a new place for living; though, many of them had lived and worked here for many years. People who worked at the plant noted that they always used to be uncertain about the safety of the processes conducted. The Flixborough explosion demonstrated that the workers were not protected in an effective manner. There could not have been any reason to kill people at the workplace. In fact, the management of the plant did its best to evacuate people before the explosion. Otherwise, there could have been more victims. The explosion destroyed all the records, and all workers in the plant control room were killed. The pipe rupture was reported to lead to the explosion. Many experts agree that it was the main cause of the disaster. The investigation conducted after the accident revealed that probably the Flixborough explosion had occurred because the by-pass pipe between the fourth and sixth reactors had released. As a result, 40 tons of the cyclohexaane vapors contacted the flame, and the reactor exploded. Even though, it is not known for sure, it is considered the main cause of the Flixborough explosion. On the other hand, some experts are not confident about whether the reactor was the main cause of failure at the Flixborough plant processing cyclohexane or not. They investigated the case and came to the conclusion that the disaster had happened mostly because t here were no appropriate control and planning. Moreover, the design, testing, and construction were rather poor. The authorities and common people assumed that the Flixborough explosion should be investigated in order to prevent such a disaster in the future. The experts should work thoroughly on the implementation of the better processes and equipment. Producing nylon, in general, should be improved. The investigation showed that the new technologies and new approaches to the production of nylon were needed. Since then, both the experts and government have implemented different programs to protect people from the similar explosions. The Emergency Management and authorities should develop the safety programs and regulations to prevent such accidents in the future. The systems that crashed needed modification, as well. To prevent similar disasters, the Process Safety Management should improve training employees, as well as process the safety culture and competence. The operations should be conducted on a more professional level than before. The analysts should determine how to make a modified sy stem better engineered. In conclusion, it should be noted that the Flixborough explosion was a huge ecological and environmental disaster that damaged people, flora, and fauna of the region. Since then, the authorities became more attentive and responsible for the design, construction, testing, and production of nylon in the United Kingdom. Buy custom The Flixborough Disaster essay

The Power Of Single-Mindedness Professor Ramos Blog

The Power Of Single-Mindedness TedTalks Janet Stovall In this TedTalks titled â€Å"How to get serious about diversity and inclusion in the workplace† the speaker, Janet Stovall, informs us of the true power of single-mindedness and just how it will help in regards to the integration of diversity and inclusion into the workplace. For those who aren’t completely sure what single-minded means, the Merriam-Webster online page defines it as â€Å"having one driving purpose or resolve† with synonyms like; decisive, determined, intent, purposeful and resolve. She starts off her speech with giving us a little background about herself while tying it into her main argument. It was in 1984 when she was a junior at Davidson College in Davidson, North Carolina that she felt a calling to make that college a more diverse. Given that in that town, it was almost segregated by railroad tracks that marked the â€Å"white Davidson† and â€Å"black Davidson†, as she puts it, it was normal for her to be stopped by cops whe n headed to the college. When she discovered that out of 1,200 students, only 52 of us were black as well as there was only one black professor and one black assistant dean, it was then she made a decision to start what she called â€Å"Project ‘87†. She states that â€Å"Project 87 was really just a challenge to Davidson: in three years, by 1987, enroll 100 black students, hire 10 black professors, create five Black Studies classes and hire one black dean.† So by teaming up with the new president of Davidson at the time, they created a 77 page report for the changes they wished to see by 1987. Now even though she ended up graduating in 1985, it was her single-mindedness that changed Davidson forever. Looking to the present day at Davidson, she says that â€Å"there are 185 black students, there are 16 black or multiracial professors, there are four black deans, and theres an entire degree-granting Africana Studies Department.† It was this accomplishment t hat changed her life. She became an executive speechwriter for one of the biggest companies in the world. Not only is it a profession that is 92 percent white but also predominantly male. When talking to the CEO’s and senior executives, she has seen that business is in a position that no other entity can do. What she has seen, just like at Davidson, is that racism can be dismantled by it. By incorporating the â€Å"Project ’87† ideals of real problems, real numbers, real consequences it is only a matter of time until her vision of diversity and inclusion manifest into reality. In Janets own words That this is what happens if we stop praying for change to happen and actually start moving our feet to making it. Now, can you guess the demographics at Crafton Hills College? Take a guess and click on the link below! Demographics at CHC

Business law discussion #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business law discussion #2 - Essay Example After the ban was upheld by the Second Circuit Court, a CIRCUIT SPLIT arose and the ruling favored the complainant. The defendant made his appeal to the Supreme Court on grounds that the copyright clause known as FIRST-SALE DOCTRINE that authorized people residing in the United States to resell legal substances was much superior to the one that which required people to obtain the right’s of the owners before dealing with their products in the United States. The Supreme Court overturned the decision of the Second Circuit and affirmed that Kirtsaeng was duly protected by the first-sale doctrine. The case is a demonstration of the powers invested in the Supreme Court and its ability to reverse the ruling other courts deemed less superior to its judgment. The first element which is to make an offer was duly attained when Sam’s father wrote him a letter indicating his intention to transfer the Bentley to him. Sam acceptance of the offer unconditionally is a fulfilment of the second element of a contract. The third element which is the intention to enter into legal consequences is however lacking which makes the contract not a binding one and this explains why Sam will not be successful in the suit. It follows that there is no consideration in the contract which violates the fourth and final element of a binding contract. Promissory Estoppel which can be applied as a substitute to consideration may act in favor of Sam in an event that there was no legally binding contract between him and his father. This is in line with one of the elements which considers refusal of Sam’s father to transfer the Bentley to him as an act of injustice. In the case of Lucy, the body of contract law that will be applied by the court is that of voidable contract in which the contract is enforceable at the option of one of the parties involved. In this case, Lucy who was the aggrieved party had the option to either accept or

FInancial Outlook on Social Security Pensions Research Paper

FInancial Outlook on Social Security Pensions - Research Paper Example This takes place at the macro level. Personal retirement savings accounts were established into Ireland through in 2002 through the Pensions Act. These accounts are long term individual accounts that have been designed to help people save for their retirement in an elastic manner (Attanasio 3). The significance of security savings especially for those people with no pension provisions exist. With a personal retirement savings accounts, a person can change their employment and continue using the same account. It is also possible to change from one savings account to another at any time without charges. The two main different types of personal retirement savings account are all aimed at improving the financial security of individuals. These two are; standard personal retirement savings accounts and the non-standard savings accounts. The principle difference between the two saving accounts is on the charges. Moreover, there are restrictions on the type of property that the standard savi ngs account can invest in. They only invest in joint funds where the hazard is extended on huge number and diversity of investments. However, the standard savings account meets the requirements of most people. The non-standard savings accounts tender broader investment alternatives. ... The accounting methods used to estimate their liabilities assume that better planning can earn higher investments with reduced risks. It is likely that plan assets could fall short. In such a case, taxpayers are expected to make up for the difference. However, the taxpayer guarantee value is not disclosed. While states recognize underfunded social security pensions, it is evident that the situation is worse than it is demonstrated by their accounting. If proactive steps are not taken therefore, taxpayers will be forced to cover huge shortfalls (Aguila 39). From such an analysis, it is evident that the financial outlook on social security pension practices is inaccurate. This is because the shortfalls exceed explicit state debts. It is, therefore, arguable that pension benefits, contributions, and retirement ages must be transformed. However, this may be difficult until accurate accounting systems are adopted. It is evident that the social security programs are currently experiencing financial problems. There has, therefore, been the question on social security policy on the retirement behavior of incentive programs. The role of private pension programs has been growing over the past few years. It is, there, important to review and monitor their performance in an international framework especially with the 2008 financial market crisis (Aguila 39). Rapid decline in labor participation of men has been a striking phenomenon especially in the second half of the twentieth century. A lot has been documented on causes of this trend amongst older men. Presently, through life-cycle model of saving, individuals get the opportunity to design consumption and saving plans through the assumed perfect information. Statistics, however, proof that many workers in the U.S. lack

Sample Exam Paper Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sample Exam Paper Questions - Essay Example Worthington and Britton (2009, p.6) define the macro environment as â€Å"those ... factors ...which affect a wide variety of businesses and which can emanate not only from local and national sources but also from international and supranational developments†. There are many variants, including different factors, but the framework to be used for this analysis is the STEEPLE framework, representing the Socio-cultural, Technological, Economic, Environmental, Political, Legal and Ethical factors that affect business and over which business has no control. A macro-environmental analysis is contained within the following diagram: Figure One: Macro-Environmental Analysis for UniQlo Expansion into the UK Consumer Behaviour The British retail culture is based around a consumption model that focuses on products and the image that such products convey when seen in conjunction with the consumer. Hoyer and MacInnis (2010) identify several components that make up the consumer’s cult ure: diversity, social class and household influences, psychographics (including values, personality and lifestyles, and social influences. They link these to the psychological core which includes motivation ability and opportunity; exposure, attention and perception; knowing and understanding; attitude formation and change; and memory and retrieval. This feeds into the process of making decisions (following a logical decision making process of problem recognition and information search, judgment and decision making and post-decision processes. The final element of the consumer’s culture is evidenced through the adoption of, resistance to and diffusion of innovations, symbolic consumer behaviour and ethics and the dark side of consumer behaviour. For the UK consumer where luxury fashion is control, diversity is affected by income levels and the need for luxury goods as part of their lifestyle. With the current austerity programme being implemented within the country, only tho se with a substantial income who will not be affected by such things as an increase in taxes, or a reduction of income, or both, will be able to indulge in luxury goods. The consumer market for UniQlo is therefore limited by levels of income, rather than by other indicators of diversity, such as race or religion. Social class and household influences will again be determined to a great extent by available income, whether generated by working or as income from investments. UniQlo will need to target the upper middle classes and above, who need luxury fashion items for social occasions or for their work appearance. Values in the UK appear to be undergoing substantial changes, including a more selfish outlook that sees those without work, for example, as scroungers rather than individuals who have simply lost their jobs through no fault of their own. The same applies to those who are homeless or disabled. The focus for personalities is, as mentioned previously, the consumption of goods that convey a particular image that works for the consumer. Lifestyles will be changing for the majority of the UK population as taxes increase for those earning up to six figures per annum, and benefits reduce for those who are out of work, disabled and/or homeless. Social influences are also changing, as more people begin to object to the austerity programme and the effects of that programme begin to take effect. There is the possibility of riots as the electorate become disenchanted with a coalition

Life in the Slums Essay Example for Free

Life in the Slums Essay Life In The Slums Plan Intro: Life is tough living in the slums, but Im used to it now so its not as hard as it was when we first moved here. Especially considering we were looking to come to the city for a better lifestyle, and to have a better chance for my parents to get a job, and for my siblings and I to go to school. My name is Anikal and Im 13, I have 3 older brothers, and one younger sister. Para 1: living conditions and hygiene and population density Moved to Mumbai 4 years ago looking for a better life- ended up in slums It is basically a tip where we live Its so crowded- 56% of residences have 3 or more people living in a single room Its so dirty, it smells (although we are used to it now) People evacuating their bowls in the middle of the streets- 5 million residents dont have access to toilets We dont have showers we have to find little pools to clean off in- theyre generally dirty water It is a tough life to get used to- nothing is easy We were playing cricket on a big stretch of concrete and the police came chasing after us- we had to run and weave through the slums Para 2: work and employment opportunities and school and exploitation of children We originally moved to the city for the reasons of work and schooling My siblings and I get to go to school twice a week as thats all we can afford We all have to work to get enough money for our family to eat, and to go to school It can be tough labor a lot of the time for little amounts of money We are working towards starting a business selling stuff- we arent sure what yet There arent many opportunities in the slums for work, so you have to take anything you can get We thought there would be a lot of opportunities in Mumbai There are in the main city, but very few in the slums We have to go around asking everyone if theres anything we can do for them to earn a little bit of money We dont get to keep that money for ourselves, we give it to mum and dad, and they use it for all the things we need Para 3: buildings and structures and infrastructure and police and security There are so many buildings in a small area in our slum Over half the population lives on 12% of the land When you are walking around there is only a small gap for sunlight to get through All the buildings are right together and the roofs hang over the footpath- if you can even call it a foot path There are some buildings that are more than one story, but they arent very safe For some people it doesnt matter how unsafe it is, they just need somewhere to live The security isnt all that great in the slums The police are sort of against us, when ever we go places we arent supposed to theyre straight onto us and will chase us for ages With people in the main city, they will politely tell them off, but us, straight into a full chase. Our house is substandard When it rains torrentially it sometimes leak We have hardly any access to hospitals and medical attention Conclusion: Life in the slums is tough. We moved to the city with the intention of starting fresh, and having more opportunities but we ended up in the slums. Weve been here for four years and its been hard. Im used to it now though. It is very unhygienic and packed. The population density is ridiculous. Its been a hard run in terms of work and school, we only get a small education, and dont have a job, we just have to try help out with same labor work for some money. There are so many buildings in such a small area, and we dont have any security, and the police are just out to catch us doing the wrong thing. Our house is very small and squishy, but its the life Im now used to, whether I like it or not, its how it is. Essay Life is tough living in the slums, but Im used to it now so its not as hard as it was when we first moved here. Especially considering we were looking to come to the city for a better lifestyle, a chance for my parents to get a job, and for my siblings and I to get an education. My name is Anikal, Im 13, I have 3 older brothers, and one younger sister. Im live in the slums of Mumbai. My family and I moved to Mumbai looking for a better lifestyle, but ended up in the slums pretty quickly. It is basically like a tip where we live, its terrible. It is so crowded, people everywhere, and in 56% of the residences there are three or more people living in just one room! It is all so dirty, and smells (although we are used to the smell now). People just go to the toilet in the streets, 5 million people dont have access to toilets, and in Dharavi there is one toilet per 1440 people. We dont have access to showers- not many people do, but we have to use the water we have, or find pools of water we can clean off in. Its a tough life to get used to in the slums, nothing comes easy. We were just playing cricket out the back of the slums on the concrete on someone elses land, but no one was there, we werent affecting anyone, and the police just chased us on motorbikes with sticks and all, and we had to run back into the slums, on the roofs trying to get away. We eventually got away then ran back the other way passed them on the roof, we saw them though the gap in between two houses. We originally moved to the city of Mumbai in search of better work and schooling opportunities. My siblings and I only get to go to school twice a week, and get a small education as thats all we can afford on our very small budget. My whole family has to work as much as we can helping people out, doing laboring work just to get enough money for the things we need. We are working towards trying to start up our own small business, and hopefully then have a steady income that we can live off. There arent many opportunities in the slums of Mumbai, so we have to take any work we can get. There are many opportunities if youre in the main part of Mumbai, but unfortunately were in the slums. My siblings and I dont get any pocket money, any money we go out and earn goes straight to our parents so that they can buy all the things we need, like food. There are so many buildings and other structures in our small area of the slums. It is packed, over half of the population lives on only 12% of the land. When you are walking around through the slums, there is only a small gap for any sunlight to get through between the roofs of buildings, over the footpaths- if you can even call it a footpath. There are some buildings in our slum that are more than one story, they arent very safe though, but for some people, thats their only option. We dont really have any security in our slums, and the police are just out to catch us, whenever we are doing anything wrong, even the smallest thing that would normally just be a warning for others, they chase us all through our slums trying to catch us. Theyre just constantly out to get us. Our house is very substandard, its just like a little hut, with two rooms that were all squished into. When there is torrential rain it can sometimes get in, but its usually pretty good. We have hardly any access to any sort of medical care, and hospitals, so when we get sick or injured, we just have to hope its not too bad and that we can get through and come out better in time. Life in the slums is tough. We moved to the city with the intention of starting fresh, and having more opportunities but we ended up in the slums. Weve been here for four years and its been hard. Im used to it now though. It is very unhygienic and packed. The population density is ridiculous. Its been a hard run in terms of work and school, we only get a small education, and dont have a job, we just have to try help out with same labor work for some money. There are so many buildings in such a small area, and we dont have any security, and the police are just out to catch us doing the wrong thing. Our house is very small and squishy, but its the life Im now used to, whether I like it or not, its how it is. Bibliography: Living conditions in the slums. Sites.google. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2013. . Marotta, Stephen. Slums mumbaiindias jimdo page!. Introduction mumbaiindias jimdo page!. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Aug. 2013. . Slumdog millionaire. Dir. Danny Boyle. Perf. Jamal Malik. 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment, 2009. DVD. hallam, james. Dharavi Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Aug. 2013. .